Design and Development of Optimized Solar Powered Water Pump for Farming and Irrigation
Mr. Naresh Tawale1, Prof. Gajendra R. Pote2
1Student, Industrial Engineering Dept., Shri Ramdeobaba College of Engineering and Management, Nagpur
2Professor, Industrial Engineering Dept., Shri Ramdeobaba College of Engineering and Management, Nagpur *Corresponding Author Email:
INTRODUCTION:
This research work aims at studying the possible application of solar energy to a deep well water pump in rural zones. With the trend of increase in oil price and the environmental concerns regarding the use of fossil energy sources, new solutions are being sought to replace the world's dependency on this energy source.
PV powered pump is a pump running on the power of the sun which is environment friendly and economical in its operation compared to pumps powered by an internal combustion engines.
LITERATURE REVIEW:
1. J.S. Ramos, Helena M. Ramos, “Solar powered pumps to supply water for rural or isolated zones: A case study”, Energy for Sustainable Development 13 (2009) 151–158.
2. Sreedevi S Nair, Mini Rajeev, “Design and Simulation of PV Powered PMBLDC Motor for Water Pumping”, Proceedings of Third Biennial National Conference, NCNTE- 2012, Feb 24-25.
3. Design of Small Photovoltaic (PV) Solar-Powered Water Pump Systems, United States Department of Agriculture, Technical Note No. 28.
4. Dr. Muhammad Ashraf, “Design of Drip Irrigation System”, International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), December 31, 2012.
5.M. Abu-Aligah, “Design of Photovoltaic Water Pumping System and Compare it with Diesel Powered Pump”, Jordan Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Volume 5, Number 3, June 2011, ISSN 1995-6665, Pages 273 – 280.
6. Ref. No. NB.DPD-NFS/ SHLS. 1 / 1116 /2010-11 Circular No. 199 /DPD-NFS/ 04 /2010,01 November 2010.
PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION:
Solar energy is a clean form of the renewable energy source. Now-a-days, Solar energy has experienced phenomenal growth in recent years due to both technological improvements resulting in cost reductions and government policies supportive of renewable energy development and utilization.
The production in the farm depends on the season i.e. environmental condition, water requirement and availability of power to pump the water. For increase in production of the farming, the farmers required the uninterrupted power supply in every season. Solar power is a permanent source of energy. The use of solar powered pump can eliminate the problem of interrupted power supply.
OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT:
A benefit of using solar energy to power agricultural water pump systems is that increased water requirements for livestock and irrigation tend to coincide with the seasonal increase of incoming solar energy. The objectives of the project are as following:
To use solar energy effectively for irrigation to avoid interrupted supply of electricity and to increase productivity of farming where water available is in sufficient amount.
To Design irrigation system as per different crop water requirement.
To avoid the use of battery by using water storage tank of per day requirement capacity.
To develop optimised solar pump water pump for irrigation and farming by using PMBLDC Motor. To aware farmers about the government subsidized policies for use of solar equipments in agriculture.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY:
1. Study of the parameters of the solar power:
Generation of solar power is depends on the following parameters:
Solar energy
Photovoltaic Effect
Solar cells
Photo voltaic (P-V) Panel
Solar radiation, Solar Irradiance, and Solar Insolation
2. Operating Principle of PMBLDC Motors:
In a conventional DC motor, current polarity is altered by commutator and brushes. In the brushless DC motor, polarity reversal is performed by power transistor switching in synchronization with the rotor position. To accomplish this, the input of PMBLDC motor is connected to inverter. Inverter is designed in such a way that, its output frequency is a function of instantaneous rotor speed and its phase control will correspond to actual rotor position.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Graph no. 1: Water requirement in the months from October to May for Orange, Lemon and sweet-lime category.
From the above graph it is clear that the water requirement is directly proportional to the temperature. As temp. Increases water requirement increases proportionally. There by water requirement is more in summer then in winter and in rainy season particularly in the month of April and May. In both of these months, the solar energy is radially available in reasonable quantity so the solar power is the best solution to water supply system in small field. The above graph is for the orange, lemon and sweet-lime category products.
Table No. 1: Water requirement in the months from October to May for Orange, Lemon and sweet-lime category
|
Sr. No. |
Month |
Plant Population per Hector |
Water Requirement for Plant Age (below 6 yrs) per plant in Liters/Day |
Water Requirement per Day in Liters |
Water Requirement for Plant Age ( 6 -10 yrs) per plant in Liters/Day |
Water Requirement per Day in Liters |
|
1 |
October |
278 |
25 |
6950 |
63 |
17514 |
|
2 |
November |
278 |
23 |
6394 |
58 |
16124 |
|
3 |
December |
278 |
20 |
5560 |
51 |
14178 |
|
4 |
January |
278 |
23 |
6394 |
59 |
16402 |
|
5 |
February |
278 |
39 |
10842 |
83 |
23074 |
|
6 |
March |
278 |
50 |
13900 |
125 |
34750 |
|
7 |
April |
278 |
70 |
19460 |
177 |
49206 |
|
8 |
May |
278 |
85 |
23630 |
213 |
59214 |
Water Requirement according the crop
Graph no. 2: Water Requirement according the crop
Table NO..2: Information on package of Practice of Practices and Water requirement of Different Crops.
|
Sr. no. |
Crop |
Area (00 ha) |
Plant population |
Spacing (cm) |
Water requirement (mm of rainfall) |
Avg. water req. |
Water req. in. lit. |
Water req./ day |
|
|
Vidharbha |
Duration (days) |
Plant Pollution |
|||||||
|
1 |
Cotton rain fed irrigated |
11260 |
180 |
555 to 377 |
60x30 or 60x60 |
700-1300 |
1000 |
10000000 |
55556 |
|
2 |
Sugar cane |
146 |
2-18 months |
75000 |
Distance between 2 sets |
1500-2500 |
2000 |
20000000 |
43716 |
|
90x20-25 (for one eye) |
|||||||||
|
90x10-15 (for two eye) |
|||||||||
|
3 |
Soybean |
20403 |
100-110 |
4.40 (lacks) |
30x7.5 or 45x5 |
450-700 |
575 |
57500000 |
547619 |
|
4 |
Pigeon peas |
5255k |
165-180 |
55555 |
60x30 |
450-650 |
550 |
550000000 |
323530 |
|
5 |
Sunflower |
314 k |
75-95 |
5555—7400 |
60x30 or 45x30 |
For rabbi or summer |
|
550000000 |
297298 |
|
6 |
Gr. Nut |
85k |
95-110 |
303 lakhs |
30x10 |
500-700 |
600 |
60000000 |
600000 |
|
7 |
Wheat |
7156 |
100-110 |
8-19 lack |
22.5 x2 |
450-700 |
575 |
57500000 |
547619 |
|
8 |
Gram |
2080 |
100-110 |
3.3 lakhs |
30x10 |
450-500 |
475 |
47500000 |
452380 |
|
9 |
Sorghum |
2641k |
110-115 |
5-108 lack |
45x15-20 |
450-650 |
550 |
55000000 |
500000 |
Graph no.3: Cloud cover for Nagpur Region
The cloud cover data explains the cloud present in the sky thereby we can conclude the availability of the solar power. Since the rainy season starts form Jun, the cloud cover is seen in the graph.
Graph no. 4: Mean Sun Shine Hrs/day
Graph no. 5: Monthly Meteorological DATA of Nagpur for Year 2012
In the above graph the Sun shine hrs. Available in each month of Year 2012, so due to which we come to know the best month in which the solar power is available.
Table no. 3 [15].
|
Monthly Meteorological Data of Nagpur for Year 2012 |
||||||||||
|
Year |
Month |
Mean Maximum Temp °C |
Highest Maximum Temp °C |
On Date |
Mean Minimum Temp °C |
Lowest Minimum Temp °C |
on Date |
Total Rainfall in mms. |
Total Sunshine Hours |
Mean Sunshine Hours |
|
2012 |
1 |
27.9 |
31.1 |
6 |
13.9 |
6.7 |
15 |
10.1 |
233.6 |
7.5 |
|
2012 |
2 |
31.8 |
37.3 |
29 |
15.2 |
9 |
11 |
7 |
268.5 |
9.3 |
|
2012 |
3 |
37.2 |
40.6 |
22 |
18.6 |
14.2 |
10 |
0 |
300.1 |
9.7 |
|
2012 |
4 |
41.1 |
43.2 |
19 |
24.9 |
21.8 |
6 |
1.7 |
266.3 |
8.9 |
|
2012 |
5 |
43.7 |
46.9 |
26 |
29 |
23 |
5 |
2.4 |
291.8 |
9.4 |
|
2012 |
6 |
38.7 |
46.7 |
2 |
27.5 |
23.1 |
12 |
126.2 |
180 |
6 |
|
2012 |
7 |
31.1 |
40 |
1 |
24.1 |
22.3 |
31 |
451 |
64.6 |
2.1 |
|
2012 |
8 |
29.7 |
34.2 |
26 |
23.6 |
21.7 |
1 |
245.1 |
57.5 |
1.9 |
|
2012 |
9 |
32.3 |
34.4 |
3 |
23.4 |
21.4 |
27 |
362.5 |
140 |
4.7 |
|
2012 |
10 |
33.2 |
35.7 |
7 |
18.4 |
13.5 |
31 |
9.1 |
268 |
8.6 |
|
2012 |
11 |
30.4 |
32 |
24 |
14.8 |
10.2 |
17 |
19.3 |
239.2 |
8 |
|
2012 |
12 |
30.4 |
34.2 |
9 |
12.2 |
6.3 |
26 |
0 |
262.1 |
8.5 |
Graph no.6: 37[18].
CENTRIFUGAL PUMP DESIGN
The client will usually specify the desired head and pump capacity. The type and speed of the driver may also be specified. Speed is governed by of cost and efficiency as well as drivers available to the client. Given these parameters, the task of the engineer is to minimize cost.
Which cost to minimize, first cost or life-cycle cost, however, is an important consideration? From a life cycle viewpoint, we must take into account power consumption and operation and maintenance costs. These considerations call for optimizing efficiency, reliability (the mean time between failures) and maintainability (the mean time to repair). In general, designing to optimize these categories results in increased costs. Often, these considerations are not very important and we can design for minimum first cost. In appropriate cases, the engineer should initiate a dialog with the client concerning available options. For example, designing a boiler feed pump that operates continuously would probably call for maximizing efficiency. Efficiency considerations would not be so important, however, for a drainage pump that is only required to operate occasionally.
PIPE CONNECTIONS AND VELOCITIES
The diameter of the suction pipe is usually made larger that the pump suction flange and both are made larger than the discharge flange and pipe. Church recommends keeping the velocity at the suction flange about 9 or 10 ft/s and that at the discharge flange between 18 and 25 ft/s.
IMPELLER INLET DIMENSIONS AND VANE ANGLE
Figure no. 8 Impeller Suction
Sectional view [11]
The diameter of the impeller eye, Do, is dependent on the shaft diameter, Ds, which must initially be approximated. The hub diameter, DH, is made 5/16 to ˝ inch larger than Ds. After estimating Ds and DH, Dois based on the known flow rate. The inlet vane edge diameter, D1, is made about the same as Do to ensure smooth flow.Fig. no.8
RESULT:
1. Uninterrupted power Supply of 8hrs/Day due to availability of more solar power when water requirement is more for irrigation.
2. Reduces the cost by reducing the no. of solar panel from 9to 5.
3. Tariff Charges for the Proposed solar BLDC Pump water Pump is 3.26 Rs./Hr.
4. Saving in per unit cost is 0.73 Rs. / Hr. when compare with A.C. Solar water Pump and Rs. 32 Rs/Hr. When compare with conventional electric powered irrigation Pump.
5. Required Over Head Tank Capacity is 60,000 liters/Day and head required is 7 meter.
CONCLUSION:
Some crops and Plants like Orange, Sweet Lemon required water in sufficient quantity at proper time it may give farmers more production through which they can earn in lakhs. But due to interrupted power supply they are unable to supply sufficient quantity of water which affects productivity and sometime life of plant or crops. Hence, solar Pump is the best alternatives for these farmers.
It is observed that due to lack of knowledge about subsidized policies of government for solar equipment and technology to promote its used they feel it is costly.
This project will help farmers to quantify the water requirement as per the crops which will help them to select proper solar pump power which will save their cost
REFERENCES:
1. J.S. Ramos, Helena M. Ramos, “Solar powered pumps to supply water for rural or isolated zones: A case study”, Energy for Sustainable Development 13 (2009) 151–158.
2. Sreedevi S Nair, Mini Rajeev, “Design and Simulation of PV Powered PMBLDC Motor for Water Pumping”, Proceedings of Third Biennial National Conference, NCNTE- 2012, Feb 24-25.
3. Design of Small Photovoltaic (PV) Solar-Powered Water Pump Systems, United States Department of Agriculture, Technical Note No. 28.
4. European Commission, “Photovoltaic solar energy — Development and current research”, Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Union, 2009, ISBN 978-92-79-10644-6.
5. Dr. Muhammad Ashraf, “Design of Drip Irrigation System”, International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), December 31, 2012.
6. M. Abu-Aligah, “Design of Photovoltaic Water Pumping System and Compare it with Diesel Powered Pump”, Jordan Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Volume 5, Number 3, June 2011, ISSN 1995-6665, Pages 273 – 280.
7. Ref. No. NB.DPD-NFS/ SHLS. 1 / 1116 /2010-11 Circular No. 199 /DPD-NFS/ 04 /2010, November 2010.
8. Govinda R. Timilsina, Lado Kurdgelashvili, Patrick A. Narbel, “A Review of Solar Energy Markets, Economics and Policies”, Policy Research Working Paper 5845.
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Received on 25.10.2014 Accepted on 22.11.2014 © EnggResearch.net All Right Reserved Int. J. Tech. 4(2): July-Dec. 2014; Page 265-282
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